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Backlash is the biggest enemy of precision linear motion. Uncontrolled reverse clearance will cause positioning deviation, repeated positioning errors and jitter during axis reversing. Almost all high-precision ball screws rely on preload structure to eliminate backlash.
This article systematically explains the three mainstream ball screw preload types on the market, analyzing their advantages, characteristics and applicable industrial scenarios to help engineers avoid inaccurate preload selection.
1. Double Nut Preload Structure
Double nut preload is the most classic and mature zero-backlash solution. It uses two ball screw nuts with spacing adjustment to generate pre-pressure, completely eliminating reverse idle stroke.
Commoda : Ultra-low backlash, high positioning repeatability, stable preload, suitable for long-term high-precision operation.
Inconvenientia : Slightly larger volume, higher assembly precision requirements.
Applicationes : Precision testing equipment, micro-processing machines, high-end CNC machine tools.
2. Internal Offset Preload (Single Nut Preload)
Internal preload ball screws adopt special steel ball size difference or internal offset structure to realize preload inside a single nut. The structure is compact and easy to install.
Commoda : Small size, simple installation, uniform stress, low noise.
Inconvenientia : Preload adjustment range is limited, not suitable for super heavy load.
Applicationes : Automation linear modules, 3C processing equipment, robotic linear actuators.
3. Spring Preload Structure
Spring-assisted preload uses elastic components to compensate nut clearance dynamically. It can automatically absorb clearance changes caused by wear and temperature deformation.
Commoda : Bona compensatio usus, praecisio stabilis longo tempore, fortis adaptabilitas ad ambientem.
Inconvenientia : Rigor limitatus, non idoneus ad conditiones laboris alti impetus.
Applicationes : Lineae productionis automaticae mediocris praecisionis, apparatus tractantes cyclum continuum.
Quomodo eligere rectum praecaricatum typum
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Nihil retrocessus & ultra-precisio : Praecaricatio per duos nucos (gradus C2/C3)
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Structura compacta & sonus parvus : Praecaricatio interna per unicum nucleum (gradus C5)
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Longa vita operis & tolerantia ad usum : Praecaricatio dynamica per molam (gradus C7)
Summa Finalis
Praecaricatio tornillorum sphaericorum directe determinat stabilitatem praecisionis apparatus motus linearis. Aptae praecaricationes perfecte solvunt problemata ludibrii, tremoris et derelictionis positionis. Secundum gradum praecisionis, spatium installationis et conditiones oneris, electio rectae structurae praecaricationis est clavis ad meliorandum reditum et stabilitatem apparatus.